Metaphor for protection - a square, representing a stone, or fortified ramparts of a walled city. The archery bow, representing long-range defense, keeping danger away.

SINAI 351: Beloved Lion Goddess Sekhmet. Lady of the House, Hathor. Beloved of Ptah. Mother of the Virtuous. Protector of Birth. Sinai 351: Left side: Mai (Lion) Habib (Beloved) Blt (lady). Right: Lady (St) of the House (Pr). (A title of Hathor). Name (Shen). BIRTH (MES) OF (N) Khepri/Keb (QPr/QB). Voice (Hrw), Perfect and Virtuous (Nfr) Lion goddess Sekhmet. (Hathor), Lady of the House named. Mother of Khepri

Sinai 357: God Bless This Mine

In Egypt, sometime around 2000 B.C., a band of semi-illiterate, turquoise and copper miners may have reinvented the process of writing. Perhaps inspired by an educated labor leader, spiritual visionary, or social reformer, they borrowed a few glyphs from the unweildly corpus of 2000+ Egyptian hieroglyphs, and added a few more graffiti-grade stick figures depicting common objects. They used these signs to represent ideas and the sounds of words in their Semitic languages. This intuitive and efficient new technique enabled many without extensive education required for literacy in hieroglyphs to record and share their ideas.

The first alphabetic writing is called Proto-Sinaitic, is the likely source from which Hebrew, Phoenician, Greek and Latin evolved. The British archaeologist William Flinders Petrie discovered the first inscriptions in the Egyptian desert at Serabit el-Khadem in 1905. In 1995, Yale Egyptologist John Coleman Darnell and the Theban Desert Road Survey team discovered two more significant inscriptions in Wadi el-Hol.

This post proposes interpretations for the inscriptions, which have yet to be definitively deciphered. Proclamations, prayers, love letters and curses are recorded for the ages in stone.

celeste.horner@gmail.com

References Albright (1969) The Proto-Sinaitic Inscriptions and Their Decipherment. Sinai 115, Sinai 376, Sinai 349, Sinai 357, Sinai 360, Sinai 353, Sinai 361, Sinai 345, Sinai 375. Darnell, John Coleman et al. (2005). Two Early Alphabetic Inscriptions from the Wadi el-Hol New Evidence for the Origin of the Alphabet from the Western Desert of Egypt. In Annual of the American Schools of Oriental Research, volume 59. Online at www.academica.edu ANNUAL OF THE AMERICAN SCHOOLS OF ORIENTAL RESEARCHVOLUME 59 Ishtar's journey to the underworld Rollston, Christopher [2016] The Proto-Sinaitic Inscriptions 2.0: Canaanite Language and Canaanite Script, Not Hebrew. i Himelfarb, Elizabeth J (2000) First Alphabet Found in Egypt. Archaeology (Volume 53, No 1, January / February 2000). Online archive accessed Dec 26, 2017. Mnamon.sns.it Proto-Sinaitic - 11th - 14th cent. B.C. Examples of writing: Serabit el-Khadim Statue (Sinai 346), Sinai 345, Sinai 357. How the alphabet was born from hieroglyphs Sinai inscription 351 Controversy over the theory that Hebrew was the first alphabet God against Ptah and Hathor Mahib means God, lion, terrible, awesome Geb saved by lock of Ra's hair side-lock? Hieroglyph reading exercise Wilson-Wright Sinai 351. Wilson-Wright, Aren MaxSinai 357: A Northwest Semitic Votive Inscriptionto Tessob. Journal of the American Oriental Society. Vol. 136, No. 2 (April–June 2016), pp. 247-263 Proto-Sinaitic Inscriptions and their Decipherment http://www.bibleorigins.net/files/mvc_149s.jpg Hathor flashes her father Ra after insult by Babi baboon, Thoth? Isis kite Was Proto-Sinaitic the origin of the alphabet? Blog. The Serabit El-Khadim Sphinx How the Alphabet Was Born from Hieroglyphs - Orly Goldwasser Ba'al God of fertility, lightning, war, sailors Notes Song of Hathor Tomb of Christ under Lust idol Forster, Charles Sinai Photographed Or Contemporary Records of Israel in the Wilderness: Ancient Rare Bibles A Notice About Manna And Uprooted Oppression at Serabit el-Khadim (Improved) Apkallu fish-man, bird-man, winged-man, Lu-anan two-thirds Luwian? Nephilim. Man bag, book of wisdom, shared by Mayan/ Aztec? Easter Island, Gobekli Tepe pillars. Hand down seed bag, hand up reaping pine cone, transmitter? Epic of Gilgamesh A new translation. Gerald J. Davis (2014) Insignia Publishing Egyptian etymology Ashteroth Karnaim Astarte of the Horns. Fertility goddess in ancient Canaanite religion Og 1770 engraving of Og's bed, bulls eye circles. Norse also had giant myths, have those petroglyphs, barrows. Native American, Greek Titans etc. Talmud: Og uprooted mountain to throw at Israel, God caused ants to erode it and crush him. Gustav Dore, Pantagruel. Gentle giant leaning over mid-giants on biers. Balaam and the talking donkey. Moabite high places. Nabu Mesopotamian god of literacy. Hands clasped in gesture of priesthood. Rephaite giants, dead kings, healers, doctors Rophe'im vs Repha'im dead ancestors Bible.ca: Sinai inscriptions translated Asherah PoleExodus 34:13 states: "Break down their altars, smash their sacred stones and cut down their Asherim [Asherah poles]. Karnak, France. Standing stones, religion of the giants? Megalithic buildings were their construction? Amorites Amos 2:9 Amorites had the height of cedars and the strength of oaks, could uproot mountains and throw them! ElSons were Yamm, Sea; Mot, Death. Mount Lel fountains of the two rivers of the two deeps. Children Dawn, Dusk, gracious gods, cleavers of the sea, children of the sea. Serabit el-Khadem Sonia and Marco Nadler Institude of Archaeology of Tel Aviv University Serabit el-Khadim Egyptsites.wordpress.com [2009] Is the fish character Digg, a representation of the Canannite deity Dagon? Sekhmet AncientEgyptonline.co.uk: Sekhmet was known as the Lady of Terror, and Lady of Life. Lady of Pestilence, Red L:ady. As Eye of Ra, she destroyed mankind until she became drunk on beer colored to look like blood. When she awoke, she became the goddess of love and mated with the creator Ptah. Their child was Nefertum. History of Writing (www.funsci.com) Proto-Sinaitic, Cuneiform, etc. The Temple and Mines at Serabit el-Khadim In the Sinai by Jimmy Dunn Names of God net.lib.byu.edu Discovery of the Proto-Sinaitic Inscriptions Seeker of Truth (2015) Hebrew transcription of Sinai 351. Ancient-Hebrew.proboards.com. (May 18, 2015 at 11:39pm). Accessed 2018-1-6 Bedawi.com: Forest of Pillars Egypt Pharaohs Early History of the Alphabet the Hebrew word for corn is dagan]. "Dagon, after he had discovered corn and the plough, was called Zeus of the plough" Irkalla, the Queen of the Underworld had the head of a lioness and the body of a woman; in her arms she carried her pet, a deadly serpent. She summoned Belisari, the lady of the desert who was her scribe, and who came carrying the clay tablets on which all of Irkalla’s decrees would be written down. Behind these two the dead gathered. There was no light in their eyes; they were dressed not in cloth but feathers, and instead of arms and hands they had the wings of birds. They lived in darkness. Fairy Tales of the World Ishtar's Decent to the Underworld. Sacred-Texts.com The New York Obelisk, Cleopatra's Needle, With a Preliminary Sketch of the History, Erection, Uses, and Signification of Obelisks Charles Edward Moldenke Wilson-Wright (2017) Sinai 357: A Northwest Semitic Votive Inscription to Tešš. Journal of the American Oriental Society. Vol. 136, No. 2 (April–June 2016), pp. 247-263. The Babylonians worshipped Enlil under the name "Elil Ekur mountain house. Elil Dagon was the Chief God of the Philistines. Thoughtco.com. Allah contraction of Al ilah Corn in ancient Egypt? Gutenberg.org: Mesopotamian mythology Sea Peoples. Archaeology of Ancient Egypt. What-when-how.com. Drunkeness in ancient Egypt Rabbi Michael S. Bar Ron A Notice About Manna and Uprooted Oppression at Serabit El-Khadim. Reinoud M. de Jonge Burial site of Lord Nefer-Ti-Ru; Son of King Khufu. c.2637-2614 BC, Fourth Dynasty of Egypt (Gosford, NSW, Australia)